SPECTA Journal of Technology

Biomass Potential of Cassava Peels and Wastewater Sludge from the Somber Small Industry Center (SIKS) as Briquettes

Nia Febrianti — 2025-04-25

Sentra Industri Kecil Somber (SIKS) produces sludge waste from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP). Sludge can be utilized as a renewable energy source, for example by processing it into briquettes. This research uses a mixture of cassava peel biomass to increase the calorific value of briquettes and uses tapioca starch adhesive. The purpose of this research is to analyze the characteristics of briquettes produced by WWTP sludge with a mixture of cassava peel and analyze the optimum composition variation of WWTP sludge and cassava peel waste on briquette characteristics with the composition of WWTP sludge, cassava peel, and adhesive of (10:83:7); (15:78:7); (20:73:7); (25:68:7); (30:63:7). The parameters tested are moisture content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon and calorific value based on ASTM, after which data processing is carried out with the help of software, namely graphs with Sigma Plot and Microsoft Excel software to facilitate and minimize errors or human errors. The water content of briquettes A, B, C, D, E was 4.2%, 4.8%, 5.4%, 5.7%, 5.9%. Ash content 12.8%, 13.7%, 14.5%, 15.6%, 16.8%. Volatile matter 12.2%, 14.3%, 15.2%, 15.9%, 16.2%. Fixed Carbon 70.8%, 67.2%, 64.9%, 62.8%, 61.1%. Calorific value 3301.04 cal/gr, 3245.2 cal/gr, 3223.36 cal/gr, 3187.54 cal/gr, 3172.98 cal/gr. The optimum briquette characteristics that meet SNI 6235-2000 are briquette A with a moisture content of 4.2%, volatile matter of 10.2% and those that are close to SNI 6235-2000 are ash content parameters of 12.8%, fixed carbon of 70.8% and calorific value of 3301.04 cal/gr.

Defect Analysis of Three-Flavor Bread and Dry Bread Using the Seven Tools Method at Arsyifa Bakery MSME

Arum Binang — 2025-04-25

In the industrial world, quality control of a product plays a very important role in increasing competitiveness and consumer interest. Quality control is very necessary to impact the quality of the product produced. If there is no quality control it will have a negative impact on the product, such as defects in the product. In this research, we analyzed 3 types of defects, namely shape defects, color defects and texture defects in 3 flavors of bread and dry bread at UMKM Bakery Arsyifa. The use of implementing methods to reduce defects uses the seven tools method, which consists of several steps, namely check sheet, startification, histogram, scatter diagram, Pareto diagram, control chart, fishbone diagram and improve stage. Based on the results of calculations using the seven tools method, the highest probability results were obtained for 3 flavors of bread, namely texture defects with 119 product defects, dry bread, namely shape defects with 62 product defects. At the fishbone diagram stage, to find out the cause and effect of the defective product, problems were found in man, material, machine, method and carried out the improvement stage using the five m-checklist approach.

Reduction of Phosphate Levels in Laundry Wastewater Using Eichhornia crassipes as a Phytoremediation Agent

Basransyah Basransyah — 2025-04-25

Wastewater from laundry is produced by detergents containing main ingredients that are not easily decomposed naturally, such as Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate and Sodium Tripolyphosphate. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) functions as a phytoremediator that can absorb organic and inorganic substances. This study aims to assess the efficiency of reducing phosphate concentration in waste and to analyze the effect of water hyacinth mass and the addition of aeration on reducing phosphate concentration in laundry liquid waste. Wastewater samples were taken from Laundry X in Gunung Sari Ulu Village, Central Balikpapan, with a phosphate content of 0.63 mg/L/day. This study used variations in the mass of water hyacinth of 200 grams, 300 grams, and 500 grams with 15 liters of wastewater. The results of the phytoremediation study using water hyacinth plants with a mass of 200 grams, 300 grams, and 500 grams, as well as the addition of aeration, can reduce phosphate concentrations by 33.59%, 27.67%, and 30.67% on the 3rd day. The variation in the mass of water hyacinth and the addition of aeration showed a significance value > α (0.05); 0.665 for the mass variation test, and 0.058 for the addition of aeration test. Variations in the mass of water hyacinth plants and the addition of aeration did not significantly affect the removal of phosphate levels in laundry liquid waste

Utilization of Organic Waste Bioconversion Products as Liquid Organic Fertilizer for the Growth of Miana Plants

Rina Noor Hayati — 2025-04-25

Efforts to reduce organic waste can be done by recycling waste through utilization into liquid organic fertilizer. One of the efforts to process organic waste can be done by Black Soldier Fly (BSF) maggot. This study was conducted with the aim of seeing the ability of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) produced from leachate from bioconversion carried out by BSF, on the growth of miana plants (Plectranthus scutellarioides). This research is an experiment with qualitative and quantitative data analysis methods. The research was conducted by giving two different POCs. Sample A used 100% commercial organic fertilizer and sample D used POC with a ratio of bioconverted organic fertilizer to commercial liquid fertilizer (3:1). Both samples still could not meet the quality standards of nutrients (NPK) and C-organic. However, the sample with the ratio of bioconverted organic fertilizer and commercial liquid organic fertilizer (3:1) or sample D is the optimum sample, with nutrients (NPK) reaching 0.438% and C-organic reaching 4.58%. The results of the application proved that plants with sample D showed the best growth in terms of the number of leaves that reached 14 strands and plant height reached 13 cm in week 8.

Risk Management Analysis Based on ISO 31000: A Case Study of Hotel Jakarta in Balikpapan

Mohammad Reza Fahlevi — 2025-04-25

The study aims to analyze the implementation of ISO 31000-based risk management at Jakarta Hotel in Balikpapan which faces various challenges in its operations. Risk management is an important component in undergoing the sustainability of hotel operations, especially in the hospitality sector which is faced with economic, regulatory, and reputational risks. A structured risk management approach is needed to mitigate those risks and ensure the hotel can operate optimally. SWOT and PESTLE analysis are the research methods used in understanding the internal and external conditions of Hotel Jakarta, which are then followed by the ISO 31000-based risk management process, namely risk identification, risk analysis, risk evaluation, and risk treatment. The results show that Hotel Jakarta faces various risks, including operational risks related to the lack of digitalization, economic risks due to cash flow instability, and reputational risks caused by negligence in guest services. The proposed mitigation strategies include digitizing the hotel's management system, collaborating with external partners, and improving employee training and competency. The implementation of ISO 31000-based risk management helps the hotel in minimizing the negative impact of risks and improving readiness in facing future challenges. Overall, this study confirms the importance of implementing a structured risk management framework to improve operational sustainability and customer satisfaction.

Consistency in Infrastructure Design as the Key to an Integrated and Sustainable Nusantara Capital City

Ahmad Ghazy Dananjaya — 2025-04-25

The development of infrastructure in Indonesia, especially in the National Capital City (IKN), requires integrated and sustainable design. The use of smart technology and data-based management systems is a key innovation to optimize urban infrastructure, making it more efficient and responsive to urban environmental changes (30%). This technology enables a more efficient planning and management process, which in turn improves the quality of life for city residents by enhancing energy efficiency, reducing carbon footprints, and improving public services. Based on analysis, the application of smart technology shows significant improvements: energy efficiency increased by 25%, carbon footprint reduction by 25%, public service quality increased by 20%, and natural resource management improved by 25% (25%). This approach aligns with the theory of Koens, Postma, & Papp (2018), which states that cities are multifunctional and complex environments, where the increasing number of visitors can put pressure on existing resources. Additionally, the principle of sustainability, covering social, economic, and environmental aspects, is also a primary focus of this study, in line with the views of Langle-Flores et al. (2025), emphasizing the importance of polycentric governance systems for achieving sustainable policy agreements. This research provides an overview of the critical role of technology and governance in creating cities that are more inclusive and responsive to global changes, such as climate change and rapid urbanization (20%). The study recommends the importance of policies that support the integration of technology and sustainability principles in future city planning, as well as the need for coordination between stakeholders to achieve a balance between development and the preservation of limited natural resources.

Transformation of Traditional Snacks: Consumer-Based Product Development Strategy for Ongol-Ongol in Industry X, Gianyar

Fitri Nur Jannati — 2025-04-25

Bali is renowned not only for its natural attractions but also as a culinary tourism destination rich in traditional foods. Gianyar Regency, a pioneer in gastronomic tourism, features ongol-ongol as a signature local product. Culinary enterprise X has produced ongol-ongol using traditional methods and inherited recipes since 2019. However, increasing competition led to a 15% monthly decline in sales during 2022–2023. This study aims to analyze consumer satisfaction to support market-oriented product development using the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Data were collected from 94 respondents through a questionnaire evaluating seven product attributes: color, aroma, taste, texture, shape, size, and portion. Findings show that taste, portion size, texture, and aroma are considered the most important by consumers. Comparative analysis with competitors reveals that only the portion size attribute meets the satisfaction level of competitor products. Improvement ratio analysis indicates that none of the attributes have reached the desired satisfaction targets. Based on consumer perspectives, the priority for attribute improvement is as follows: aroma, taste, texture, color, shape, size, and portion. Key technical aspects requiring improvement include raw material preparation, dough mixing, and steaming processes. Recommended strategies for Enterprise X include: (1) implementing a grading system for cassava based on size, color, and ripeness; (2) adopting labeling to ensure raw material quality; (3) developing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) for dough mixing with clear ratios and timing; and (4) standardizing steaming procedures with specific time and temperature controls. These strategies aim to enhance product quality consistency and align with consumer expectations.

Application of Behavior-Based Safety to Reduce Unsafe Actions in Preventive Maintenance Work Using the JSA and DO IT Methods

Aura Irsyaf Putri — 2025-04-25

The rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in Indonesia has increased the demand for reliable network and telecommunication services. This situation has led to a rise in Preventive Maintenance (PM) activities, which carry high risks of workplace accidents. PT. XYZ is a company operating in the network and telecommunications sector, where PM tasks such as fiber optic cable repairs, cable pulling, joint box lowering, and cable installation repairs are carried out in areas with high potential hazards, including working at heights and near electrical installations. This study aims to reduce unsafe actions during PM activities by implementing the Job Safety Analysis (JSA) method and the DO IT (Define, Observe, Intervene, and Test) approach within the Behavior Based Safety (BBS) framework. The research was conducted using field observations, interviews with workers, and accident data collected from 2023. The results show that unsafe behaviors, such as improper use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and failure to follow standard procedures, still frequently occur. Through the DO IT stages—define, observe, intervene, and test—workers’ awareness of occupational safety increased. The implementation of JSA and DO IT proved effective in identifying potential hazards and designing appropriate interventions to prevent workplace accidents. This study provides recommendations for the company to enhance its occupational health and safety (OHS) management system to create a safer and more productive work environment.