Spatial Analysis of Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) as a Basis for Coastal Design for Safety (DfS) Strategy in Balikpapan Timur District
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.35718/ismatech.v4i2.8482319Keywords:
Coastal Vulnerability Index, Coastal Mitigation Strategy, Spatial Analysis, Geographic Information System (GIS), Balikpapan TimurAbstract
The coastal area of Balikpapan Timur District, Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan, faces increasing coastal hazards from erosion and tidal flooding, threatening coastal ecosystems, settlements, tourist areas, and aquaculture ponds. Previous vulnerability studies here generally focused on physical parameters alone, without integrating vulnerability outcomes with land-use characteristics to determine spatially explicit mitigation priorities. This study assesses coastal vulnerability using the Coastal Vulnerability Index (CVI) and formulates mitigation priorities based on the integration of vulnerability and land-use characteristics. A descriptive quantitative approach integrated with a Geographic Information System (GIS) was applied, using five physical parameters: geomorphology, shoreline change (2015–2025), coastal slope, significant wave height, and tidal range. The resulting CVI was overlaid with 2025 land-use data to identify exposed coastal assets. The analysis identified 29 coastal segments after dissolution: 10 segments (34.48%) are high, 16 segments (55.17%) are medium, and 3 segments (10.35%) are low vulnerability. High-vulnerability segments are mostly in Teritip and parts of Manggar Baru, where shoreline erosion, unconsolidated landscapes, and steep slopes coincide. The overlay analysis shows that tourism areas, mangrove ecosystems, aquaculture ponds, settlements, and industrial areas require different mitigation priorities. Cross-referenced with the spatial pattern plan of the East Kalimantan Provincial Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) 2023–2042, recommendations range from mangrove rehabilitation and coastal protection structures in high-vulnerability areas to space-use control and vegetation strengthening elsewhere. These findings support prioritizing mitigation investment and offer an effective framework for adaptive, sustainable coastal management. From a Design for Safety (DfS) perspective, these spatially differentiated recommendations support early elimination or reduction of foreseeable coastal risks through safer siting, land-use control, natural buffers, and protective design.
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